HIV Testing

With HIV and AIDS becoming an increasing problem in the United States as well as the entire world, more and more people are choosing to get an HIV test. There are various reasons that a person should get an HIV test, and multiple ways the testing can be done.

HIV testing is done so that people who are are at risk of being infected will know their status (i.e. positive or negative), and can protect their sexual partners from contracting the disease as well. Also, someone who knows that he or she is HIV positive can begin treatment for the infection before it develops into full-blown AIDS. Once full-blown AIDS develops, treatments may not be as effective and quality of life may diminish. However, if treatment is started early, a prolonged life with good quality is possible.

Anyone who is part of a "high-risk" group should consider taking an HIV test. These groups include anyone who has ever used intravenous (IV) drugs, particularly if he or she has shared needles with anyone, any male who has had unprotected homosexual intercourse, commercial sex workers, and current or former prisoners who have had sexual contact while incarcerated. Anyone who has had unprotected sex with someone who is in a high-risk group is also at risk of contracting HIV, and should take an HIV test. Anyone who has been diagnosed with another sexually transmitted disease could also have contracted HIV, and should also undergo HIV testing. Pregnant women are encouraged to be tested for HIV, to lessen the risks of transmitting the infection to their unborn children.
HIV testing procedures vary, but blood is most commonly screened for infection. Other body fluids such as saliva or urine may also be used for HIV testing. There are several different types of HIV tests, including rapid and home testing kits. Rapid HIV tests can return a result in as little as 20 minutes. Conventional HIV testing procedures take a few days for results. Home testing kits are available, but currently only one such test, the Home Access HIV-1 Test System, is FDA-approved. Home testing kits, like regular lab HIV testing, take a few days to return results, but you must also add mailing time for home test results.

HIV testing is most accurate after 3 months have passed between exposure and testing. However, most people will test positive within 2-8 weeks of exposure. Any negative HIV test result within 3 months of exposure infection should be repeated after the 3 months have passed, to be certain of the results. Any positive HIV test result, regardless of time since exposure, should be repeated to confirm infection.

Both partners in a relationship should be tested for HIV at the same time, since a negative result for one is not a guarantee that the other is negative. Safe sex precautions such as condoms should be used until both partners are confirmed to be HIV negative. Condom use should be continued even after both partners have obtained negative result if either continues high-risk behavior, or if the relationship isn't monogamous.

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