Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. It is also known as non-insulin dependant diabetes and affects 90% to 95% of diabetics. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that is distinguished by high levels of sugar in the blood. People that have type 2 diabetes produce insulin, unlike those who have type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetics either do not produce enough insulin or their bodies are unable to use the insulin sufficiently. This is known as insulin resistance. Insulin is needed by the body to use glucose or blood sugar for energy. Insulin carries glucose from the blood to cells in the body. If glucose levels increase in the blood instead of moving into the cells, the cells will not be able to function correctly. The build-up of glucose in the blood can also cause dehydration and damage to the heart, kidneys, and eyes.

Type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin dependant diabetes, will typically occur gradually over time. Overweight people possess a greater risk of insulin resistance, because the excess fat hinders the ability of the body to use insulin. This is why most people with diabetes are overweight when diagnosed. However, people who are thin or elderly can also develop type 2 diabetes. People who have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes include:

* Those who are 45 years and older.
* Those that possess excess body weight (particularly at the waist).
* Those that eat a poor diet.
* Those who are not very physically active.
* Those who have a family history of type 2 diabetes.
* Those who have high blood pressure.
* Those who are of a certain race or ethnicity (Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, and African Americans have high occurrences of diabetes).
* Those who have an HDL cholesterol less than 35 mg/dL
* Those who have a triglyceride level more than 250 mg/dL

The symptoms of type 2 diabetes differ between each person. Some people will not display any symptoms. These symptoms may include:

* Increased urination.
* Increased hunger (particularly after eating).
* Frequent tiredness or weakness
* Erectile dysfunction
* Blurred vision
* Increased Thirst
* Dry mouth
* Tingling or numbness of the feet or hands
* Reoccurring infections of the skin, vagina, or urinary tract.
* Nausea

To diagnose Type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin dependant diabetes, a doctor will look for high glucose levels in the blood by doing a random blood test. He or she may also do a screening test or examine the person’s urine for ketone bodies or glucose. The person will also have to regularly check their blood sugar levels.

Treatment of non-insulin dependant diabetes involves exercising, eating right, regularly testing your blood sugar levels, and taking certain medications. Dieting and exercise are usually the first steps taken to control type 2 diabetes. They are very important because they help manage weight and control the glucose levels in the blood. People with type 2 diabetes should see their doctor every 3 months. If type 2 diabetes is not controlled it could lead to serious life-threatening health problems.

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